Earth : Timeline (The Full Wiki)

Categories: Terrestrial planets > Geology > Geography > Earth

12th century
- 1180: Kaus Media is 306 light years from Earth and radiates with a total luminosity of 1180 times that of the Sun. - Delta Sagittarii, Wikipedia.
16th century
- 1500: From this time the subject seems to have attracted no attention until about 1500, when Jean Fernel (1497-1558), a Frenchman, measured a distance in the direction of the meridian near Paris by counting the number of revolutions of the wheel of a carriage. - Earth, 1911encyclopedia.
- 1520: It is approximately 1520 light years from Earth and is a combined apparent magnitude of +4.88. - Sigma Cassiopeiae, Wikipedia.
- 1543: The Ptolemaic theory was unchallenged until 1543, in which year the De Revolutionibus orbium Celestium of Copernicus was published. - Earth, 1911encyclopedia.
17th century
- 1616: These consultants gave their assessment of the propositions that the Sun is immobile and at the center of the universe and that the Earth moves around it, judging both to be "foolish and absurd in philosophy," and the first to be "formally heretical" and the second "at least erroneous in faith" in theology. - Roman Inquisition, Wikipedia.
- 1633: Galileo Galilei is tried before the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith for teaching that the Earth orbits the Sun - Portal:History of science/Selected anniversaries/September, Wikipedia.
- September 20, 1633: Galileo Galilei is tried before the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith for teaching that the Earth orbits the Sun. - September 20, Wikipedia.
- 1672: Jean Richer and Giovanni Domenico Cassini measured the parallax of Mars between Paris and Cayenne in French Guiana when Mars was at its closest to Earth in 1672. - Astronomical unit, Wikipedia.
18th century
- 1743: Clairault published his Theorie de la figure de la terre, which contains a remarkable theorem ("Clairault's Theorem"), establishing a relation between the ellipticity of the earth and the variation of gravity from the equator to the poles. - Earth, 1911encyclopedia.
- 1783: In consequence of a representation from Cassini de Thury on the advantages that would accrue from the geodetic connexion of Paris and Greenwich, General William Roy was, with the king's approval, appointed by the Royal Society to conduct the operations on the part of England, Count Cassini, Mechain and Delambre being appointed on the French side. - Earth, 1911encyclopedia.
- 1783: (The base apparatus is described in the article Geodesy.) The principal triangulation of Great Britain and Ireland, which was commenced in 1783 under General Roy, for the more immediate purpose of connecting the observatories of Greenwich and Paris, had been gradually extended, under the successive direction of Colonel E. - Earth, 1911encyclopedia.
19th century
- 1800: Extensive operations for surveying India and determining the figure of the earth were commenced in 1800. - Earth, 1911encyclopedia.
- November 22, 1818: It will be very difficult to observe from Earth, because the elongation of Venus and Jupiter from the Sun on November 22, 2065 will be only 7 degrees. - 2060s, Wikipedia.
- 1821: Operations for the connexion of England with the continent of Europe were resumed in 1821 to 1823 by Henry Kater and Thomas Frederick Colby on the English side, and F. - Earth, 1911encyclopedia.
- 1830: It was suggested by Sir John Herschel in 1830 that this variation might occasion great climatic changes, and James Croll developed the theory as affording a solution of the glacial periods in geology. - Earth, 1911encyclopedia.
- 1830: Two admirable volumes by Sir George Everest, published in 1830 and in 1847, give the details of this undertaking. - Earth, 1911encyclopedia.
- 1838: The publication in 1838 of Friedrich Wilhelm Bessel's Gradmessung in Ostpreussen marks an era in the science of geodesy. - Earth, 1911encyclopedia.
- 1851: Although the rotation of the Earth was an accepted fact soon after its suggestion by Copernicus, an experimental proof was wanting until 1851, when Foucault performed his celebrated pendulum experiment at the Pantheon, Paris. - Earth, 1911encyclopedia.
- 1858: The principal work containing the methods and results of these operations was published in 1858 with the title Ordnance Trigonometrical Survey of Great Britain and Ireland. - Earth, 1911encyclopedia.
- October 10, 1858: It was nearest the Earth on October 10, 1858 and is expected to return in 39th century. - Comet Donati, Wikipedia.
- 1868: The Atlanta Constitution was a daily newspaper first published in 1868 in the Earth city of Atlanta. - Atlanta Constitution, Memory_beta_wikia.
- 1874: The observatory took part in the worldwide effort to observe the Transit of Venus in order to better determine the distance of Earth to the Sun. - Melbourne Observatory, Wikipedia.
- 1898: The fatalities suffered by Martian visits to England in 1898 and New Jersey in 1938 (naively referred to by Earthlings as the "War of the Worlds" and by Martians as "The War of Earthling Aggression") are easily avoided with use of simple antihistamines. - Earth, Wikitravel.
20th century
- 1910s
  - 1913: They could also animate different things for servants — in the case of their 1913 invasion of Earth, scarecrows — using "molecular fringe animation". - List of Doctor Who villains, Wikipedia.
  - 1915: He began a study of the companion of Sirius and found that despite a size only slightly larger than the Earth, the surface of the star was brighter per unit area than the Sun and it was about as massive. - Walter Sydney Adams, Wikipedia.
  - 1918: The Central Powers were defeated at the end of World War I in 1918, resulting in a decade of prosperity for the Allies, followed by an economic depression and the rise of Fascism, Nazism, and Communism in many countries. - Earth, Halo_wikia.
- 1940s
  - December, 1941: The Conquest Fleet under Fleetlord Atvar arrives in Tosev 3’s solar system on December 1941, after a 20 year (human years) journey spent in stasis. - The Race (Worldwar), Wikipedia.
- 1950s
  - 1950: As the position of these constellations has shifted due to Earth orbit precessions, there is an approximate four minute increase between the RA boundaries of 1950 (J1950) and the most recent calibration of 2000 (J2000). - Searching for the first X-ray source per constellation, Wikipedia.
  - September, 1950: The Silver Slipper was a Las Vegas, Nevada casino on Earth that operated from September 1950 to November 29, 1988. - Silver Slipper, Memory_beta_wikia.
  - November 1, 1951: From its discovery, the comet has had 7 perihelions with its last return of Earth recorded on November 1, 2007. - 50P/Arend, Wikipedia.
  - 1957: Humanity finally made their way into space with unmanned probes and by 1961, Humans themselves had gone into space. - Earth, Halo_wikia.
  - 1957: German astronomer Wilhelm Gliese published his first star catalog of nearly one thousand stars located within 20 parsecs of Earth, listing their known properties and ordered by right ascension. - Gliese Catalogue of Nearby Stars, Wikipedia.
  - October 4, 1957: Sputnik 1 – 4 October 1957 – First Earth orbiter - Timeline of Solar System exploration, Wikipedia.
  - November 3, 1957: Sputnik 2 – 3 November 1957 – Earth orbiter - Timeline of Solar System exploration, Wikipedia.
  - February 1, 1958: Explorer 1 – 1 February 1958 – Earth orbiter - Timeline of Solar System exploration, Wikipedia.
  - 1959: But it is too late and the seemingly possessed third alien they are pursuing has shot the canister into space where it crashes to Earth in 1959. - Night of the Creeps, Wikipedia.
  - September 15, 1959: Russian probe Luna 2 sends back first photos of the far side of Earth's Moon. - 1959 in science, Wikipedia.
  - September 18, 1959: Vanguard 3 is launched into Earth orbit. - September 18, Wikipedia.
- 1960s
  - 1960s: Since the 1960s, it has been hypothesized that severe glacial action between 750 and 580 Ma, during the Neoproterozoic, covered much of the planet in a sheet of ice. - Earth, Wikipedia.
  - February 20, 1962: Project Mercury: While aboard Friendship 7, John Glenn becomes the first American to orbit the Earth, three times in 4 hours, 55 minutes. - 1962 in the United States, Wikipedia.
  - February 20, 1962: Mercury program: While aboard Friendship 7, John Glenn orbits the Earth three times in 4 hours, 55 minutes becoming the first American to orbit the Earth. - 1962 in science, Wikipedia.
  - February 20, 1962: Mercury program: While aboard Friendship 7, John Glenn becomes the first American to orbit the earth, making three orbits in 4 hours, 55 minutes. - February 20, Wikipedia.
  - October 3, 1962: During the space flight on 3 October 1962, Wally Schirra orbited the Earth at an altitude of 100 miles (160 km). - USS Coontz (DDG-40), Wikipedia.
  - 1967: 1967 Matt Decker arrives at Earth in a shuttlecraft stolen from USS Farragut. - In Harm's Way (STNV episode), Stexpanded_wikia.
  - September 15, 1968: Zond 5 – 15 September 1968 – First lunar flyby and return to Earth - Timeline of Solar System exploration, Wikipedia.
  - November 10, 1968: Zond 6 – 10 November 1968 - Lunar flyby and return to Earth - Timeline of Solar System exploration, Wikipedia.
  - March 21, 1969: The first Earth Day proclamation was issued by San Francisco Mayor Joseph Alioto on March 21, 1970. - Portal:Holidays/Selected article/6, Wikipedia.
- 1970s
  - October 20, 1970: Zond 8 – 20 October 1970 – Lunar flyby and return to Earth - Timeline of Solar System exploration, Wikipedia.
  - December, 1972: Five mice of this species traveled into space and orbited the Earth and Moon in an experiment on board the Apollo 17 command module in December 1972. - Little Pocket Mouse, Wikipedia.
  - December 7, 1972: The Blue Marble is a famous photograph of the Earth taken on 7 December 1972 by the crew of the Apollo 17 spacecraft at a distance of about 45,000 kilometers or about 28,000 miles. - Portal:Photography/Selected article/1, Wikipedia.
  - February 8, 1974: February 8 - After 84 days in space, the last crew of the temporary American space station Skylab return to Earth - 1974 in science, Wikipedia.
  - February 9, 1975: The Soyuz 17 Soviet spacecraft returns to Earth. - February 9, Wikipedia.
  - November 29, 1975: The satellite finished its mission successfully on 29 November 1975 and returned to earth safely, with the landing location in a special zone (Liuzhi Special District; 六枝特区) of Guizhou Province^[1]. - Returnable satellite, Wikipedia.
  - September 18, 1977: Voyager I takes first photograph of the Earth and the Moon together. - September 18, Wikipedia.
- 1980s
  - April 10, 1981: It opened on April 10, 1981 to commemorate the 20th anniversary of the day Yuri Gagarin became the first human to orbit the Earth in space. - Memorial Museum of Cosmonautics, Wikipedia.
  - 1983: The 1983 TV movie Starflight One also uses actual shuttle launch footage when Columbia is used to rescue an experimental plane that gets trapped in low Earth orbit. - Space shuttle in popular culture, Wikipedia.
  - 1984: The earliest known was a vigilante named Spider-Man who vanished after 1984 for unknown reasons, though he did clash with the Decepticons and caused Megatron to rethink how dangerous humans were. - Earth, Transformers_wikia.
  - 1984: Sunstreaker was among the crew of the Ark that crashed on Earth four million years ago and woke up in 1984. - Sunstreaker (G1), Transformers_wikia.
  - January 18, 1986: The mission was accomplished in 96 orbits of Earth, ending with a successful night landing at Edwards Air Force Base on January 18, 1986. - Charles F. Bolden, Jr., Wikipedia.
  - November 22, 1987: He learns that civilization on Earth was rebuilt following a devastating nuclear war on November 22, 1987, and is now under the protection of the Earth Defense Directorate. - Buck Rogers in the 25th Century (TV series), Wikipedia.
  - November 22, 1987: There, he learns that the Earth was united following a devastating nuclear war on November 22, 1987, and is now under the protection of the Earth Defense Forces, headquartered in New Chicago. - Buck Rogers, Wikipedia.
- 1990s
  - 1991: The Autobot and Decepticon war would rage until 1991 before a brief lull; both sides would relocate their bases to multiple locations, and while often battling in America they would also strike in the United Kingdom, Peru, Canada, Mexico, Japan and Argentina. - Earth, Transformers_wikia.
  - 1991: The complex was built in Orlando, Florida on an alternate version of Earth in May of 1991 and included a main laboratory, two large garages and the Brown household. - Institute of Future Technology, Stexpanded_wikia.
  - August 11, 1991: After 142 orbits of the Earth in 213 hours, the mission concluded with a landing on Runway 15 at the Kennedy Space Center on August 11, 1991. - G. David Low, Wikipedia.
  - September 20, 1992: The mission ended with a successful landing on the runway at the Kennedy Space Center in Florida after 126 orbits of the Earth on September 20, 1992. - Robert L. Gibson, Wikipedia.
  - February 11, 1994: The mission achieved 130 orbits of the Earth, ending with a landing on February 11, 1994, at the Kennedy Space Center. - Charles F. Bolden, Jr., Wikipedia.
  - January 30, 1996: Comet Hyakutake is a comet discovered on January 30, 1996, which passed very close to Earth in March of that year. - Portal:Japan/Selected article/4, Wikipedia.
  - January 30, 1996: Portal:Japan/Selected article/4 Comet Hyakutake is a comet discovered on January 30, 1996, which passed very close to Earth in March of that year. - Portal:Japan/Selected article, Wikipedia.
  - February 17, 1996: NEAR – 17 February 1996 – Eros orbiter, first near-Earth asteroid flyby, first asteroid orbit and first asteroid landing - Timeline of Solar System exploration, Wikipedia.
  - 1997: Asteroid is a 1997 NBC TV movie about the United States government trying to stop an asteroid colliding with the Earth. - Asteroid (film), Wikipedia.
  - 1998: This was later extended in more detail in the 1998 HBO miniseries From the Earth to the Moon. - Aerospace engineering, Wikipedia.
  - 1998: Gore began promoting a NASA satellite that would provide a constant view of Earth, marking the first time such an image would have been made since The Blue Marble photo from the 1972 Apollo 17 mission. - Al Gore and the environment, Wikipedia.
  - November 7, 1998: John Glenn returns to Earth aboard the Space Shuttle Discovery. - 1998 in the United States, Wikipedia.
  - March 21, 1999: Bertrand Piccard and Brian Jones become the first to circumnavigate the Earth in a hot air balloon. - March 1999, Wikipedia.
  - September 13, 1999: In Los Angeles, California on September 13, 1999 - the same fictional date in the pilot episode of "Breakaway" when the moon is blasted out of Earth orbit. - Zienia Merton, Wikipedia.
21st century
- 2004
  - February, 2004: Mars Exploration Rover Mission: Mars surface temperatures appear to vary more frequently and dramatically than on Earth, preliminary data from NASA's Opportunity rover shows. - February 2004, Wikipedia.
  - 2004: Observations were made of the NEO 2004 FH which was at the time the closest natural object detected from Earth (43,000 km). - Stardome Observatory, Wikipedia.
  - September 29, 2004: The asteroid 4179 Toutatis passes within four lunar distances of Earth. - September 29, Wikipedia.
  - September 29, 2004: The asteroid 4179 Toutatis passes within four lunar distances of Earth. - September 29, Genealogy_wikia.
  - December 27, 2004: Radiation from an explosion on the magnetar SGR 1806-20 reaches Earth. - December 27, Wikipedia.
- 2005
  - January 14, 2005: The Huygens probe was successfully sent into the atmosphere of Titan and returns science data to Earth via the Cassini orbiter. - 2005 in science, Wikipedia.
  - 2005: Other than that, not much has happened on Earth except the Cincinnati Bengals going to the playoffs in 2005. - Earth, Wikitravel.
  - 2005: By the year 2005, human interaction with the Transformers had resulted in an advanced level of technology worldwide, and the foundation of the Earth Defense Command, which operates a series of space stations. - Earth, Transformers_wikia.
  - November, 2005: The craft was scheduled to rendezvous in November 2005, and return to Earth with samples from the asteroid by July 2007. - Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Wikipedia.
- 2006
  - January 15, 2006: The Stardust spacecraft successfully completes its primary mission of returning samples of cometary and interstellar dust to Earth. - 2006 in science, Wikipedia.
  - January 19, 2006: The NASA spacecraft New Horizons launches successfully from Cape Canaveral Air Force Station and leaves Earth's orbit shortly afterwards on its journey to Pluto - 2006 in science, Wikipedia.
  - January 15, 2006: It was launched on February 7, 1999 by NASA, travelled nearly 3 billion miles (5·10⁹ km), and returned to Earth on January 15, 2006 to release a sample material capsule. - Stardust (spacecraft), Wikipedia.
  - September, 2006: Anatoly Perminov, head of the Russian Space Agency has revealed in September 2006 in RIA Novosti that China was about to sign a contract by the end of 2006 to participate in a Russian project to bring soil back to Earth from Phobos, one of Mars two moons. - Chinese space program, Wikipedia.
- 2007
  - April 12, 2007: The Kremlin vetoes an investigation into the death of Yuri Gagarin on the 46th anniversary of the first orbit of Earth. - April 2007, Wikipedia.
  - 2007: Optimus Prime and the Autobots arrived on Earth to secure the All Spark, while the Decepticons learned of the existence of Archibald Witwicky's glasses. - Earth, Transformers_wikia.
  - September 13, 2007: Google sponsors a US$30 million spaceflight contest to land a robotic lander on the moon and beam back a gigabyte of images and videos to earth. - September 2007, Wikipedia.
  - September 14, 2007: A team of scientists (50 countries) initiated a global database project for Earth's 1.8 million known species (from tiny genetic material). - Consortium for the Barcode of Life, Wikipedia.
  - November 10, 2007: November 10: The Minor Planet Center discovers a threating asteroid, designated 2007 VN84, but later retracts its announcement when the object is recognized as the Rosetta spacecraft on it is way for a November 13 flyby with Earth. - Portal:Science/News/2007, Wikipedia.
- 2009
  - February 24, 2009: NASA's Orbiting Carbon Observatory lands in the Pacific Ocean near Antarctica after failing to reach Earth's orbit. - February 2009, Wikipedia.
  - February 27, 2009: It was discovered by Australian astronomers on 27 February 2009, only three days before its closest approach to the Earth. - 2009 DD45, Wikipedia.
  - 2009: The 2009 satellite collision was the first major collision between two intact artificial satellites in Earth orbit. - 2009 satellite collision, Wikipedia.
  - 2009: Meteor is a 2009 disaster science fiction film about the asteroid 114 Kassandra on a collision course with the Earth. - Meteor (TV miniseries), Wikipedia.
  - December 19, 2009: NASA releases the first ever photo of liquid outside of Earth, in the form of sunlight reflecting on a lake on Saturn's largest moon, Titan. - December 2009, Wikipedia.
- 2012
  - December 21, 2012: Would end with the birth of the 6th Sun and the 5th Earth on December 21, 2012. - Harmonic Convergence, Wikipedia.
- 2024
  - September, 2024: The Bell Riots were an event that took place in San Francisco on Earth in September 2024. - Bell Riots, Memory_beta_wikia.

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